Game Boy Camera and Printer
The Game Boy Camera was a cartridge which includes the first smallest portable digital camera:
Here is a special golden Zelda version
and through the Game Link Port you could print out your pictures with the game boy printer, here's a special pikachu edition:
You could also print things other than photos from games if they had the featured, for example from pokemon:
--------------------------
Game Link Cables
The Game Link Cable was used to have serial communication between the two game boys for things like multiplayer:
There was also a 4-way game link cable:
it's not known exactly how this device works.
--------------------------
Cheat and Save-Backup Cartridges
There were a few different cheat cartridges which would let you plug your own cart into and then by some mechaism affect parts of the game.
Here's the Game Genie:
This would patch locations in ROM as they tried to pass through the cart.
Other popular cheat carts are the game shark (which would hook into the vblank interrupt handler to patch RAM at every frame) and the action replay:
There were also Xploder and MonsterBrain
Memory Expander
Another special cart which other carts plug into, this time it would let you back up saved games!